The Servile State is an excellent, clear and impressively brief (~150 pages) take on the problems of both Socialism and Capitalism. Mr. Belloc's thesis, put briefly, is that Capitalism--the concentration of the means of production in the hands of a few, coupled with political freedom for all--tends naturally to a loss of that political freedom, which he calls the Servile State. In contrast to Capitalism and the Servile State he points to the more distributed system which flourished in Late Medieval Christendom, in which ordinary men owned land and tools to produce their own food. He gives a historical account of the ubiquity of slavery in pre-Christian Europe, its gradual disappearance in the rise of Christendom, to be replaced by a distributed system, and finally its gradual re-emergence in the wake of Europe's apostasy.
Most importantly, he astutely points out the effect which the actions of Socialists and "social reformers" have on the Capitalist State--namely, to push Capitalism more rapidly in a Servile direction by yielding to "necessary compromises" which calcify capitalists and workers in their respective places. Mr. Belloc seems to conclude that the only possibility for a return to a healthy economic order, in which men provide for themselves and their families in security, freedom and independence, is our return to Christianity.